By Asmau Ahmad
The Science Expert Council of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has called for the equitable expansion of genomics for global health.
This is contained in a WHO Science Expert Council report released on Tuesday.
The field of genomics uses methods from biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology to understand and use biological information in DNA and RNA, with benefits for medicine and public health—particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as agriculture, biological research, and more.
The report called for expanded access to genetic technologies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), by addressing shortfalls in funding, laboratory infrastructure, materials, and highly trained personnel.
The experts said genomics has benefits for medicine and public health especially during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as agriculture, biological research and more.
The council said a range of tools to make genomic technologies more affordable for LMICs have been developed, including tiered pricing, sharing of intellectual property rights for low-cost versions.
It also has cross-subsidisation, whereby profits in one area are used to fund another.
Dr Soumya Swaminathan, WHO Chief Scientist says “Genomic technologies are driving some of the most ground-breaking research happening today.
“Yet the benefits of these tools will not be fully realised unless they are deployed worldwide.
“Only through equity can science reach its full potential impact and improve health for everyone and everywhere.
“Through convening and coordinating the world’s leading minds, as we do through our Science Council, WHO acts as a global engine for analysis to address the world’s most pressing health challenges’’.
It comprised of nine leading scientists and public health experts from around the world, the council was established in April 2021 by WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus to advise him on high-priority issues
He would also advise on advances in science and technology that could directly improve global health.
It said the council identified genomics as the focus of its first study, given the significant implications for public health, its many successful uses in confronting infectious diseases, cancers, and other chronic disease, the new opportunities for implementing expensive technologies, even in LMICs.
The Council’s Chair, Professor Harold Varmus, a Nobel Laureate and former Director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health says “It is already clear that genomics can make enormous contributions to human health, from surveying populations for infectious agents.
“Such as the virus that causes COVID-19, to predicting and treating a wide variety of diseases, such as cancers and developmental disorders.
“Attention to equity in deploying these technologies is essential for achieving the immense potential benefits to human health’’.
It said it would promote the adoption or expanded use of genomics, the report’s recommendations address four themes: advocacy, implementation, collaboration, and associated ethical, legal and social issues.
“Advocacy for genomics is needed to persuade governments, as well as commercial and non-commercial organizations, academic institutions, and others, of the medical, scientific, and economic benefits of genomic technologies.
“Overcoming obstacles to implementation will require local planning, financing, expanded training of essential personnel, and the low-cost provision of instruments, materials, and computational infrastructure.’’ It said.
The council said government ministries, funding agencies, and scientific organizations in academia and industry should collaborate to establish plans on how to use genomics and build and expand technical capacity.
It said they should also look to pool resources through regional programmes if appropriate.
“Effective oversight coupled with national and international rules and standards is key to promoting ethical, legal, equitable use and responsible sharing of information obtained with genomic methods.
“To take forward the recommendations and to monitor their applications across all four main areas, the report also recommends WHO create a Genomics Committee.
“A key responsibility proposed for the Genomics Committee is convening commercial organizations to develop and implement ways of making their products and technologies affordable in LMICs.
The report follows the release of WHO’s 10-year strategy for genomic surveillance of pathogens.
It said genomic surveillance has played a crucial role in the global COVID-19 response, with countries like South Africa able to make crucial contributions in detecting variants, due to their capacities in this area.
“Recent data from WHO shows that the percentage of countries able to conduct genomic surveillance increased from 54 per cent to 68 per cent between March 2021 and January 2022.
“The increase is due to major investments made during the COVID-19 pandemic.
